In a landmark initiative aimed at fortifying the integrity of the judicial system against the rising tide of digital manipulation, the Council of Europe’s Division for Cooperation on Freedom of Expression recently hosted its inaugural training seminar on disinformation. Held on May 25 in Thessaloniki, the event was organized in close collaboration with the Greek National School of the Judiciary, marking a significant step in the professional development of the country’s future legal leaders. By bridging the gap between emerging human rights challenges and judicial practice, the seminar sought to equip the next generation of magistrates with the specialized knowledge required to navigate the complex legal terrain of the information age.

The seminar featured a high-level assembly of legal experts, including distinguished professors and national judges, highlighted by the participation of Yannis Ktistakis, a judge at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). This cadre of professionals provided an in-depth analysis of both European and national legal frameworks, fostering a dynamic environment where students could rigorously debate the societal implications of false information. The dialogue centered on how legal institutions can serve as a bulwark against the erosion of truth without infringing upon the fundamental right to freedom of expression.

A core component of the curriculum was the introduction of standardized Council of Europe resources designed to guide judicial responses to online harms. Participants were introduced to pivotal documents, such as the Guidance Note on countering the spread of online mis- and disinformation and the 10 Building Blocks to Strengthen Information Integrity, which advocate for human rights-compliant solutions like robust fact-checking and ethical platform design. Furthermore, the seminar highlighted the pedagogical potential of the upcoming Council of Europe Training Programme on disinformation, while referencing the RESIST project, which emphasizes the value of cross-border collaboration and the exchange of evidence-based national practices.

Beyond theory, the seminar facilitated a sobering exploration of the limitations inherent in current legal mechanisms when confronted with modern digital threats. Speakers interrogated the efficacy of traditional civil and criminal law in an era defined by rapid technological shifts and the proliferation of artificial intelligence. These discussions prompted a deeper reflection on how technological acceleration affects both the structure of national legal systems and the cognitive behaviors of the public. By examining statistical data on media consumption and disinformation tropes, attendees were encouraged to view the crisis not merely as a regulatory hurdle, but as an existential threat to democratic health.

Central to the day’s discourse was a meticulous examination of the regulatory benchmarks introduced by the European Union’s Digital Services Act (DSA), particularly the provisions concerning platform liability for illegal content and the mechanisms for user compensation. Legal experts scrutinized the existing case law of the ECtHR to demonstrate the delicate, often precarious, balance between upholding free speech—which is protected under democratic mandates—and curbing information that poses a tangible risk to public order and institutional trust. The resulting debate underscored the necessity for judges to be adept at interpreting these nuances within an evolving digital landscape.

Ultimately, the seminar concluded with a vital consensus regarding the qualitative distinction that must be made by the judiciary when addressing information-related risks. Participants acknowledged the critical need to differentiate between malicious, democracy-threatening disinformation and the inevitable, non-significant errors inherent in professional journalism. By fostering this discernment, the training program ensures that future judges are prepared to defend the information ecosystem while remaining vigilant against the dangers of censorship and judicial overreach, thereby safeguarding both democracy and human rights.