Former Chief Justice Artemio Panganiban has reignited the national discourse surrounding the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (RA 9344) following a horrific school shooting in Tacloban City that claimed the lives of three students. In his latest column published on Monday, July 6, the retired magistrate argued that the legislation, which protects minors from criminal liability, was crafted in an era that failed to foresee the profound and corrosive impact of modern technology on the cognitive development of children. As lawmakers weigh the controversial proposal to lower the age of criminal liability from 16 to 10 or 12, Panganiban emphasized that the legal framework must evolve to address the realities of a digitally saturated world.
Central to Panganiban’s concern is the role of the internet in distorting a young person’s moral compass. Reports regarding the Tacloban incident suggest that the two teenage perpetrators were radicalized by “764,” an online collective notorious for incentivizing minors to carry out acts of violence. Panganiban observed that unregulated online exposure has become an inextricable element of a child’s environment, noting that groups promoting nihilism and extremism prey upon vulnerable minds. By infiltrating these online spaces, such groups can bypass traditional familial guidance, replacing moral foundations with dangerous, imitation-based ideologies.
The retired Chief Justice highlighted a distressing psychological shift caused by this digital immersion, where the lines between moral discernment and criminal intent are increasingly blurred. He argued that the virtual world provides youth with the “mechanical intent” to replicate violent behaviors they consume online while concurrently stunting their ability to grasp the long-term, grave consequences of their actions. According to Panganiban, when children are constantly exposed to digital violence, the distinction between a simulated game and a real-life atrocity becomes disturbingly thin, potentially leading them to commit heinous crimes they do not fully comprehend.
However, Panganiban cautioned against a reactionary shift toward state-led punishment, insisting that the crisis is reflective of institutional failures rather than just individual delinquency. He underscored that the primary responsibility to guide and shield the youth lies squarely with the nation’s core institutions—namely the family, the school, and the government. He posited that the minors who commit these horrific acts are themselves victims of a societal environment that has allowed unchecked digital exploitation to replace consistent adult supervision and value formation.
The call to lower the age of criminal liability, according to the former magistrate, must be tempered by an understanding of these systemic failures. While there is a natural public outcry for justice following the tragic loss of life in Tacloban, Panganiban argued that punitive measures alone are insufficient to address the root causes of juvenile crime. He cautioned that locking up younger children without addressing the external influences—such as extremist digital groups—fails to provide any long-term solution, as it ignores the environment that nurtured the transgression in the first place.
Ultimately, Panganiban’s perspective serves as a plea for a holistic approach to child welfare that prioritizes proactive intervention over reactive incarceration. He concluded that true justice for the nation’s youth is not achieved through the expansion of penal codes, but through the deliberate construction of an environment where children are empowered rather than compromised. The retired magistrate insists that the mandate of society is to ensure that the hands of the youth are occupied with pens, books, and the productive use of digital tools, rather than the weapons of violence triggered by the shadows of the internet.
