Combating Disinformation in Francophone Africa: A Shift Towards Local Languages and Multimedia
Francophone Africa, a region rich in linguistic diversity, faces a significant challenge in combating the spread of disinformation. Traditional fact-checking initiatives, primarily published in written French, have struggled to reach vast segments of the population due to low literacy rates and limited internet access. The digital divide and reliance on oral traditions have created a fertile ground for misinformation to thrive. This article explores how several fact-checking organizations are innovating by embracing local languages and multimedia formats to connect with wider audiences and counter the pervasive influence of fake news.
The limitations of text-based fact-checking are readily apparent in a region where oral traditions and local languages dominate communication. Abdoulaye Guindo, coordinator of the Malian fact-checking outlet Benbere, highlights the public’s preference for audio and video content in their native tongues. Benbere has responded by publishing fact-checks in five local languages, including Bambara, Fulfulde, Dogon, and Songhay, recognizing that radio remains the most effective medium for reaching communities with limited internet connectivity. Similarly, La Voix de Mopti, also based in Mali, utilizes podcasts distributed through WhatsApp groups, directly targeting the primary platform for misinformation dissemination.
The lack of internet access poses a significant hurdle for digital fact-checking initiatives. In the Central African Republic, where internet penetration is exceptionally low, radio remains the lifeblood of information dissemination. Centrafrique Check leverages this reality by broadcasting its fact-checks in Sango, a widely spoken local language. This approach ensures that vital information reaches even the most remote communities. Similarly, in Benin, Banouto, with support from the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, previously employed radio broadcasts for its fact-checking efforts, demonstrating the effectiveness of this medium in reaching a broader audience. Although funding constraints halted the project, the initiative’s legacy continues through a partner radio station that has independently sustained the fact-checking program. Faso Check in Burkina Faso mirrors this strategy, broadcasting short audio fact-checks in four local languages – Mooré, Fula, Dyula, and Gourmatchema – through partner radio stations, even incorporating community-sourced verification requests.
Measuring the impact of these innovative fact-checking initiatives presents its own set of challenges. While quantifying audience reach remains difficult, organizations are exploring various methods to assess their effectiveness. Olivier Ribouis, director of Banouto, emphasizes the qualitative impact of fact-checking, which is often difficult to capture through traditional metrics. Faso Check gauges its influence through feedback from radio listening clubs, community forums that facilitate dialogue and information sharing. These platforms provide valuable insights into the impact of fact-checking on community perceptions and awareness of misinformation. Benbere, on the other hand, employs a more structured approach, utilizing online surveys and a subscriber database to track engagement and gather audience feedback.
The shift to local languages and multimedia formats has yielded encouraging results. Benbere reports a significant increase in audience engagement, reflected in higher viewership on platforms like Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and YouTube. Positive listener feedback serves as a key indicator of success for both Banouto and Centrafrique Check, demonstrating the impact of providing accurate information in accessible formats. While quantifiable metrics are important, these qualitative indicators underscore the value of building trust and engaging directly with communities. The fact that listeners express gratitude upon hearing verified information highlights the vital role these initiatives play in combating misinformation and fostering informed decision-making.
Despite these positive developments, the fight against disinformation in Francophone Africa remains an uphill battle. The sheer volume of misinformation circulating online and offline continues to pose a significant threat. Dramé Yacouba, editorial director of La Voix de Mopti, emphasizes the crucial need for media literacy programs alongside fact-checking efforts. Empowering communities to critically evaluate information and identify misinformation is essential for long-term success. Olivier Ribouis echoes this sentiment, arguing that expanding the reach and scope of fact-checking initiatives is paramount. The pervasiveness of false information necessitates a comprehensive and sustained response to ensure that truth prevails over falsehood. The ongoing efforts of these organizations demonstrate a commitment to adapting to the unique challenges of the region and finding innovative ways to combat the spread of disinformation.
The future of fact-checking in Francophone Africa hinges on continued innovation and collaboration. Building partnerships with local communities, radio stations, and technology platforms is crucial for expanding reach and impact. Investing in media literacy programs will empower citizens to become critical consumers of information, strengthening resilience against misinformation. Sustained funding and support for fact-checking initiatives are also essential for ensuring their long-term viability. By embracing local languages, multimedia formats, and community engagement, these organizations are paving the way for a more informed and resilient information ecosystem in Francophone Africa.
