Disinformation Threatens Philippine Democracy Ahead of 2025 Midterm Elections
The proliferation of disinformation, particularly through fabricated pro-Duterte social media accounts, is casting a long shadow over the integrity of the upcoming 2025 midterm elections in the Philippines. This alarming trend has prompted stern warnings from House of Representatives leaders, who emphasize the urgent need to address this digital assault on democracy. Recent revelations have exposed the extent of this manipulation, with a significant portion of online discussions surrounding key political figures and events being driven by inauthentic accounts.
A recent Reuters report, based on research conducted by disinformation watchdog Cyabra, paints a concerning picture. The study revealed that nearly one-third of X (formerly Twitter) accounts engaging in conversations about former President Rodrigo Duterte’s potential arrest by the International Criminal Court (ICC) were fake. Furthermore, the research indicates that up to 45 percent of online discussions related to the upcoming elections are orchestrated by bots, sock puppets, avatars, and paid influencers. This coordinated effort to manipulate public opinion raises serious questions about the fairness and transparency of the electoral process.
House leaders have voiced their deep concerns regarding this digital subterfuge. Deputy Speaker David Suarez of Quezon characterized the situation as "digital warfare," emphasizing that the battleground extends beyond the internet to encompass the "hearts and minds of millions of Filipinos." He warned against the insidious nature of fake praise, fake news, and fake accounts, highlighting the difficulty ordinary citizens face in discerning genuine information from fabricated narratives. Suarez called on social media platforms like Meta, X, and YouTube to proactively identify and remove coordinated fake accounts, emphasizing their responsibility to safeguard democracy against this digital onslaught.
Senior Deputy Speaker Aurelio Gonzales Jr. of Pampanga echoed these concerns, stressing the growing sophistication of digital deception and its potential to erode public trust in the electoral process. He underscored the need to protect Filipinos not only from physical threats but also from the insidious influence of "ghost accounts" disseminating propaganda and misinformation. Gonzales emphasized the vulnerability of democracy when bots, trolls, and fake profiles can manipulate public discourse and distort truth with disturbing ease.
To counter this pervasive threat, Gonzales called for a comprehensive national digital literacy campaign. He advocated for a collaborative effort involving the Department of Education, Commission on Higher Education, and the Department of Information and Communications Technology to equip students and the general public with the critical thinking skills necessary to identify and resist online manipulation. Gonzales stressed the importance of proactive measures, emphasizing that fact-checking after the damage is done is insufficient. He believes that inoculating the population, particularly the youth, against misinformation is crucial to safeguarding the integrity of the electoral process.
Gonzales also issued a direct challenge to political parties, urging them to categorically reject the use of digital "click armies" and paid online influencers. He emphasized that disinformation is not a legitimate campaign strategy but rather a grave threat to free and fair elections. Gonzales called on all stakeholders to uphold the principles of democracy and ensure a level playing field where informed choices can prevail. This urgent call to action underscores the critical need for collective efforts to combat disinformation and protect the integrity of the democratic process in the Philippines. The 2025 midterm elections will serve as a crucial test of the nation’s resilience against this digital threat.
